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How psychedelics work (for dummies)

What exactly is happening in your brain during a psychedelic experience? Let’s explore the basics.

Lindsay Seifi

Founder and CEO, Setspire

Your brain contains as many neurons as there are stars in our galaxy. These neurons fire as they process the sights, smells, textures, tastes, and noises in the world.

Your brain works hard to minimize this chaos. It forms rigid beliefs about who you are and how the world works to make everything more predictable.¹

Raw information enters your brain and subconsciously passes through this belief filter. That means everything you experience is altered by this lens.

This lens is a helpful tool for your brain to work more efficiently, yet becomes problematic if your beliefs are unhealthy or reinforce negative patterns.

In fact, scientists have found this filter may be directly related to depression, anxiety, obsessions, compulsions, eating disorders, and addictions.²

During a psychedelic trip, your rigid predictions about how the world works relax as your brain activity becomes more flexible.

This frees up other areas of your brain to talk to each other.³ You might experience senses differently, remember lost memories, or observe your patterns in a new way.⁴ 

After the psychedelic experience your filter will return, but your assumptions may be more flexible.⁵

Mental health support can help you make sense of your experience. Integrating your learnings into your daily life is crucial for lasting change.

While psychedelics have the capacity to change the future of mental healthcare, they should always be supported by proper set, setting, and integration support. 

Learn more about the science behind how psychedelics work or how to create a positive set and setting for psychedelic experiences.

¹James J Gattuso, BSc, Daniel Perkins, PhD, Simon Ruffell, MBChB, PhD, Andrew J Lawrence, PhD, Daniel Hoyer, Phd, DSc, Laura H Jacobson, PhD, Christopher Timmermann, PhD, David Castle, M.D, Susan L Rossell, PhD, Luke A Downey, PhD, Broc A Pagni, PhD, Nicole L Galvão-Coelho, PhD, David Nutt, PhD, Jerome Sarris, MHSc, PhD, Default Mode Network Modulation by Psychedelics: A Systematic Review, International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2022.

²Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Goodwin, G. M. (2017). The Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelic Drugs: Past, Present, and Future. Neuropsychopharmacology, 42(11), 2105–2113.

³Carhart-Harris, Robin L., Suresh Muthukumaraswamy, Leor Roseman, Mendel Kaelen, Wouter Droog, Kevin Murphy, Enzo Tagliazucchi et al. “Neural correlates of the LSD experience revealed by multimodal neuroimaging.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 17 (2016): 4853-4858.

⁴Petri, Giovanni, Paul Expert, Federico Turkheimer, Robin Carhart-Harris, David Nutt, Peter J. Hellyer, and Francesco Vaccarino. “Homological scaffolds of brain functional networks.” Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 101 (2014): 20140873.

⁵Carhart-Harris, R.L. & Friston, K.J. (2019). REBUS and the Anarchic Brain: Towards a Unified Model of the Brain Action of Psychedelics. Pharmacological Reviews 71, 316-344.

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